Biological mechanisms driving the seasonal changes in the internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes     

Xie Ping 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):14-27

Because of the obvious importance of P as a nutrient that often accelerates growth of phytoplankton (including toxic cyanobacteria) and therefore worsens water quality, much interest has been devoted to P exchange across the sediment-water interface. Generally, the release mode of P from the sediment differed greatly between shallow and deep lakes, and much of the effort has been focused on iron and oxygen, and also on the relevant environmental factors, for example, turbulence and decomposition, but a large part of the P variation in shallow lakes remains unexplained. This paper reviews experimental and field studies on the mechanisms of P release from the sediment in the shallow temperate (in Europe) and subtropical (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China) lakes, and it is suggested that pH rather than DO might be more important in driving the seasonal dynamics of internal P loading in these shallow lakes, i.e., intense photosynthesis of phytoplankton increases pH of the lake water and thus may increase pH of the surface sediment, leading to enhanced release of P (especially iron-bound P) from the sediment. Based on the selective pump of P (but not N) from the sediment by algal blooms, it is concluded that photosynthesis which is closely related to eutrophication level is the driving force for the seasonal variation of internal P loading in shallow lakes. This is a new finding. Additionally, the selective pump of P from the sediment by algal blooms not only explains satisfactorily why both TP and PO₄-P in the hypereutrophic Lake Donghu declined significantly since the mid-1980s when heavy cyanobacterial blooms were eliminated by the nontraditional biomanipulation (massive stocking of the filter-feeding silver and bighead carps), but also explains why TP in European lakes decreased remarkably in the spring clear-water phase with less phytoplankton during the seasonal succession of aquatic communities or when phytoplankton biomass was decreased by traditional biomanipulation. Compared with deep lakes, wax and wane of phytoplankton due to alternations in the ecosystem structure is also able to exert significant influences on the P exchange at the sediment-water interface in shallow lakes. In other words, biological activities are also able to drive P release from sediments, and such a static P release process is especially more prominent in eutrophic shallow lakes with dense phytoplankton.  相似文献   

Changes in the patterns of inorganic nitrogen and TN/TP ratio and the associated mechanism of biological regulation in the shallow lakes of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River     

Wu Shikai  Xie Ping  Wang Songbo  Zhou Qiong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):126-134

The changes of NH₃-N, NO₃-N, NO₂-N and TN/TP were studied during growth and non-growth season in 33 subtropical shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There were significant positive correlations among all nutrient concentrations, and the correlations were better in growth season than in non-growth season. When TP>0.1 mgL^?1, NH₃-N increased sharply in non-growth season with increasing TP, and NO₃-N increased in growth season but decreased in non-growth season with TP. These might be attributed to lower dissolved oxygen and low temperature in non-growth season of the hypereutrophic lakes, since nitrification is more sensitive to dissolved oxygen and temperature than antinitrification. When 0.1 mgL^?1>TP>0.035 mgL^?1, TN and all kinds of inorganic nitrogen were lower in growth season than in non-growth season, and phytoplankton might be the vital regulating factor. When TP<0.035 mgL^?1, inorganic nitrogen concentrations were relatively low and NH₃-N, NO₂-N had significant correlations with phytoplankton, indicating that NH₃-N and NO₂-N might be limiting factors to phytoplankton. In addition, TN/TP went down with decline in TP concentration, and TN and inorganic nitrogen concentrations were obviously lower in growth season than in non-growth season, suggesting that decreasing nitrogen (especially NH₃-N and NO₃-N) was an important reason for the decreasing TN/TP in growth season. The ranges of TN/TP were closely related to trophic level in both growth and non-growth seasons, and it is apparent that in the eutrophic and hypertrophic state the TN/TP ratio was obviously lower in growth season than in non-growth season. The changes of the TN/TP ratio were closely correlated with trophic levels, and both declines of TN in the water column and TP release from the sediment were important factors for the decline of the TN/TP ratio in growth season.  相似文献   

Seasonal drought effects on carbon sequestration of a mid-subtropical planted forest of southeastern China     

Sun Xiaomin  Wen Xuefa  Yu Guirui  Liu Yunfen  Liu Qijing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(2):110-118

Continuous measurement of carbon dioxide exchange using the eddy covariance (EC) technique is made at the Qianyanzhou mid-subtropical planted forest as part of the ChinaFLUX net-work. Qianyanzhou planted forest is affected by typical subtropical continental monsoon climate. It has plentiful water and heat resource but is in inconsistency of its seasonal distribution in the mid-subtropical region, thus seasonal drought frequently occurs in this planted forest. In this study, seasonal drought effect on ecosystem carbon sequestration was analyzed based on net ecosystem productivity (NEP), ecosystem respiration (RE) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) at the month scale in 2003 and 2004. In this drought-stressed planted forest, ecosystem carbon sequestration showed a clear seasonality, with low rates during seasonal drought and in winter. The declining degree of ecosystem carbon sequestration under the seasonal drought condition was determined by the accumulation of soil moisture deficits and a co-occurrence of high temperatures. Different drought effects are expected for RE and GEP. The net effect of ecosystem carbon balance depends on how these two quantities are affected relatively to each other. Summer drought and heat wave are two aspects of weather that likely play an important part in the annual NEP of forest in this region.  相似文献   

南海西北部珊瑚礁记录所反映的新构造运动^*   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

詹文欢  朱照宇  姚衍桃  孙宗勋  孙龙涛 《第四纪研究》2006,26(1):77-84

珊瑚礁是发育于热带海洋环境中由生物作用和地质作用共同形成的地质体,具有独特的新构造运动意义。南海西北部珊瑚礁记录所反映的新构造运动主要有火山活动、地壳升降运动和地震活动等。珊瑚礁区第四纪火山活跃,到现代已停止活动,部分火山构成珊瑚礁的基座,个别出露海面为火山岛;地壳升降运动差异较大,雷州半岛西南部珊瑚礁呈上升趋势,上升率为0.02~0.05mm/a;西沙群岛等岛礁地壳运动则呈下降趋势,下降率为-0.07~-0.10mm/a,岛礁中的造礁石珊瑚生长率、礁顶和灰沙岛的堆积率均相当于或大于地壳下降率与现代海平面上升率的总和;南海西北部珊瑚礁区内地震活动较强,尤其是1994年12月31日和1995年1月10日在雷州半岛西南部海域发生了6.1级和6.2 级地震,这两次地震对该区珊瑚礁的发育有较大的影响。  相似文献   

甘肃北山地区南金山金矿床隐爆角砾岩体的发现及成矿规律研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

沈远超  申萍  曾庆栋  刘铁兵  李光明 《矿床地质》2006,25(5):572-581

地质研究发现,南金山金矿区出露的下石炭统白山组上岩组的部分岩石为隐爆角砾岩,其中厚层-块状变花岗质砂砾岩为隐爆岩浆角砾岩,厚层-块状变凝灰质砂砾岩为隐爆凝灰角砾岩。隐爆角砾岩体呈近EW向带状分布,隐爆岩浆角砾岩分布于岩体中部,构成岩体的内带,隐爆凝灰角砾岩对称分布于岩体南北两侧,构成岩体的外带。经矿床地质研究,提出了新的认识,认为该矿床的形成受隐爆角砾岩体及隐爆断裂构造的控制,金矿体分布于隐爆角砾岩体外带的隐爆凝灰角砾岩及隐爆断裂中;提出了隐爆角砾岩体外带成矿、对称成矿和双层成矿等3条矿体分布规律。采用EH-4连续电导率成像仪进行了深部地球物理测量,测量结果验证了隐爆角砾岩体控矿及其成矿规律。  相似文献   

Biological mechanisms driving the seasonal changes in the internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes   总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1  

XIE Ping 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(Z1)

Because of the obvious importance of P as a nutrient that often accelerates growth of phytoplankton (including toxic cyanobacteria) and therefore worsens water quality, much interest has been devoted to P exchange across the sediment-water interface. Generally, the release mode of P from the sediment differed greatly between shallow and deep lakes, and much of the effort has been focused on iron and oxygen, and also on the relevant environmental factors, for example, turbulence and decomposition, but a large part of the P variation in shallow lakes remains unexplained. This paper reviews experimental and field studies on the mechanisms of P release from the sediment in the shallow temperate (in Europe) and subtropical (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China) lakes, and it is suggested that pH rather than DO might be more important in driving the seasonal dynamics of internal P loading in these shallow lakes, i.e., intense photosynthesis of phytoplankton increases pH of the lake water and thus may increase pH of the surface sediment, leading to enhanced release of P (especially iron-bound P) from the sediment. Based on the selective pump of P (but not N) from the sediment by algal blooms, it is concluded that photosynthesis which is closely related to eutrophication level is the driving force for the seasonal variation of internal P loading in shallow lakes. This is a new finding. Additionally, the selective pump of P from the sediment by algal blooms not only explains satisfactorily why both TP and PO4-P in the hypereutrophic Lake Donghu declined significantly since the mid-1980s when heavy cyanobacterial blooms were eliminated by the nontraditional biomanipulation (massive stocking of the filter-feeding silver and bighead carps), but also explains why TP in European lakes decreased remarkably in the spring clear-water phase with less phytoplankton during the seasonal succession of aquatic communities or when phytoplankton biomass was decreased by traditional biomanipulation. Compared with deep lakes, wax and wane of phytoplankton due to alternations in the ecosystem structure is also able to exert significant influences on the P exchange at the sediment-water interface in shallow lakes. In other words, biological activities are also able to drive P release from sediments, and such a static P release process is especially more prominent in eutrophic shallow lakes with dense phytoplankton.  相似文献   

南羌塘盆地扎仁古油藏白云岩储层特征及成因研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

陈文彬  杨平  张予杰  彭智敏 《沉积与特提斯地质》2006,26(2):42-46

根据薄片、铸体薄片、压汞、阴极发光等研究,详细描述了南羌塘盆地扎仁古油藏白云岩的储层特征,并对白云岩成因作了初步研究。认为该白云岩在沉积期后变化中经历了多种成岩作用改造,其中影响白云岩储集性的作用主要有白云石化作用、溶蚀作用、重结晶作用和构造应力作用,对白云岩孔渗改善起了积极作用。白云岩主要储集空间为晶间孔、晶间溶孔,储集物性良好。广泛发育的白云石环边结构等淡水成因标志表明,该区白云岩是通过大气水-海水孔隙混合流体交代灰岩所形成的。  相似文献   

粤北花岗岩型铀矿找矿潜力及找矿方向   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄国龙  吴烈勤  邓平  朱捌  张彦春  谭正中  曹豪杰 《铀矿地质》2006,22(5):267-275,280

深部构造环境、长期活动的深大断裂和成群成组的成矿构造带、多期次构造岩浆活动和蚀变叠加、多期次地幔流体和成矿流体的频繁活动，以及花岗岩丰富的铀源、良好的还原条件和封闭成矿环境等优越的成矿条件，使粤北成为得天独厚的花岗岩型铀矿矿集区。通过分析下庄矿田330南西地区“群脉型”、中洞地区“交点型”铀矿化，以及南雄矿田坪下水地区、棉花坑-书楼丘地区“硅化碎裂岩型”铀矿化等成矿条件好、找矿线索明显的地区，表明区内有较大的铀资源潜力和找矿潜力，为下一步的工作指出了方向。  相似文献   

宁中白云母二长花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征   总被引：10，自引：9，他引：10  

刘琦胜  江万  简平  叶培盛  吴珍汉  胡道功 《岩石学报》2006,22(3):643-652

宁中白云母二长花岗岩出露于拉萨地块中部,应用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,得到锆石壳部加权平均年龄值分别为190±8Ma、193±7Ma和191±10Ma,代表成岩年龄,属早侏罗世侵入岩;核部的继承锆石年龄值大体可分为2部分:300～500Ma为古生代基底锆石;1000～1500Ma为元古宙基底锆石,个别测点得到2160Ma和2356Ma的古老年龄值,反映源岩比较复杂,并提供了拉萨地块存在中元古-古元古代结晶基底的年龄信息。岩石化学分析结果表明:白云母二长花岗岩的SiO_2为73．14%～78．12%、K_2O为3．42%～5．72%,K_2O＞Na_2 O,AL/CNK为1．22～1．42,刚玉标准分子含量为3．18%～4．69%,属典型的强过铝花岗岩。微量元素Rb含量特别高(410×10~(-6)～737×10~(-6)),Sr含量低(9．2×10~(-6)～49．0×10~(-6)),Ba含量低(20．8×10~(-6)～127×10~(-6));稀土总量低,∑REE为38．59×10~(-6)～97．84×10~(-6),铕亏损中等—强烈(δEu=0．22～0．62);同位素比值~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr为1．150900～0．861037,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd为0．511879～0．511993,反映岩浆主要来自于上部地壳泥质岩石的部分熔融。宁中白云母二长花岗岩属于S型花岗岩,形成于同碰撞构造环境,成岩时代为早侏罗世,应属于冈底斯构造带印支造山旋回晚期碰撞阶段的产物,对它的综合研究有助于进一步认识和研究冈底斯构造带的历史和构造演化过程。  相似文献   

含油气盆地成岩作用的科学问题及研究前沿   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20  

李忠  陈景山关平 《岩石学报》2006,22(8):2113-2122

1990年代以来成岩作用研究在国际沉积学中的地位已经发生重要转变,成岩作用研究群体或"共同体"已经初步形成。从岩石类型、地理-气候环境类型、成岩演化阶段、盆地类型等不同方面,本文概括和论述了成岩作用的知识体系,在此基础上提出了当今含油气盆地成岩作用的核心科学问题,即"盆地动力学过程控制的流体-岩石相互作用系统及其时空演变机制"。围绕该科学问题,并结合本专辑讨论的热点,进一步分析了成岩作用的盆地动力学背景、流体-岩石作用机制和分布、成岩圈闭和成藏条件、油气勘探开发应用等研究前沿及其存在问题,特别针对性地指出了我国含油气盆地成岩作用研究应该加大投入的领域。  相似文献